Behind the Wheel: Understanding DOT Exams for Commercial Drivers
Driving a commercial vehicle is no small task. Not only are you responsible for operating a very large truck or bus, businesses and organizations trust you to transport important products, materials, and even people. In light of this responsibility, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) requires every individual with a commercial driver’s license (CDL) to drive with a DOT Medical Card, otherwise known as a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (MEC).
In order to get a DOT card, commercial drivers must pass a DOT Exam, sometimes referred to as a DOT Physical. This exam must be completed every 1-2 years depending on your medical history and be administered by a Certified Medical Examiner. If you work in an industry that requires you to operate commercial vehicles, you may already be familiar with DOT Exams. However, it is important to know exactly what the requirements are and make sure you are following the guidelines correctly.
Fit to Drive
The DOT Exam, which stands for Department of Transportation Exam, exists to ensure that people entrusted to drive large vehicles like buses and trucks are physically, mentally, and emotionally fit. It is done to ensure the safety of the driver, potential passengers, and other people on the road.
Any healthcare provider, from M.D.s to nurse practitioners, are qualified to perform the exam as long as they’re certified by the FMCSA. A passed exam is valid for up to 2 years if no underlying health conditions are present. Annual exams may be required if you have:
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure (very high blood pressure could mean a physical is required every 3 months)
- Heart Disease
Who Needs a DOT Exam?
While your employer should notify you if you need a DOT Exam, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Association provides guidelines on who needs to get one. You will need a DOT exam if you drive a vehicle that:
- has a gross combination weight rating, gross vehicle weight rating, or gross combination/vehicle weight of 5 tons or more
- the driver is paid to transport more than 8 people
- is designed to transport more than 15 people
- carries hazardous materials that requires the vehicle to have a placard
What to Expect During a DOT Exam
The DOT Exam operates like a general physical exam, beginning with the provider asking you questions about your medical history including if you have ever had surgery, are taking any medications, and questions about drug or alcohol use. They will also perform a hands-on physical, checking things like:
- Height and weight
- Blood pressure
- Vision and Hearing
- Heart and lungs
- Genital and urinary systems
- Nervous system reflexes
- Gait
- Back and spine
A urinalysis is also usually performed while a sleep apnea test is done only if you are having symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Before your exam, make sure all your prescriptions are up-to-date and that you bring any assistive devices that you use (like glasses, contacts, hearing aids, etc. ).
Ready to Hit the Road?
A DOT Exam is essential to ensuring the safety of commercial drivers and others on the road. By following the guidelines set by the Department of Transportation, drivers can help prevent accidents and maintain their health and well-being.